Comparison of ddRADseq and EUChip60K SNP genotyping systems for population genetics and genomic selection in Eucalyptus dunnii (Maiden).

Eucalyptus dunnii is one of the most important Eucalyptus species for short-fiber pulp production in regions where other species of the genus are affected by poor soil and climatic conditions. In this context, E. dunnii holds promise as a resource to address and adapt to the challenges of climate change. Despite its rapid growth and favorable wood properties for solid wood products, the advancement of its improvement remains in its early stages. In this work, we evaluated the performance of two single nucleotide polymorphism, (SNP), genotyping methods for population genetics analysis and Genomic Selection in E. dunnii. Double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) was compared with the EUChip60K array in 308 individuals from a provenance-progeny trial. The compared SNP set included 8,011 and 19,008 informative SNPs distributed along the 11 chromosomes, respectively. Although the two datasets differed in the percentage of missing data, genome coverage, minor allele frequency and estimated genetic diversity parameters, they revealed a similar genetic structure, showing two subpopulations with little differentiation between them, and low linkage disequilibrium. GS analyses were performed for eleven traits using Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) and a conventional pedigree-based model (ABLUP). Regardless of the SNP dataset, the predictive ability (PA) of GBLUP was better than that of ABLUP for six traits (Cellulose content, Total and Ethanolic extractives, Total and Klason lignin content and Syringyl and Guaiacyl lignin monomer ratio). When contrasting the SNP datasets used to estimate PAs, the GBLUP-EUChip60K model gave higher and significant PA values for six traits, meanwhile, the values estimated using ddRADseq gave higher values for three other traits. The PAs correlated positively with narrow sense heritabilities, with the highest correlations shown by the ABLUP and GBLUP-EUChip60K. The two genotyping methods, ddRADseq and EUChip60K, are generally comparable for population genetics and genomic prediction, demonstrating the utility of the former when subjected to rigorous SNP filtering. The results of this study provide a basis for future whole-genome studies using ddRADseq in non-model forest species for which SNP arrays have not yet been developed.

DRESS syndrome: A literature review and treatment algorithm.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, known by its acronym in English as DRESS (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms), clinically manifests with fever, facial edema, lymphadenopathy, a morbilliform rash, and organ involvement. Laboratory results reveal leukocytosis, atypical lymphocytes, eosinophilia, and alterations of liver and kidney function tests. The actual incidence of DRESS is unknown, because it may vary depending on the type of medication and the immune status of each patient; also, because many cases remain undiagnosed or untreated. The drugs most associated with DRESS include antiepileptics, antibiotics, antituberculosis, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs). Its diagnosis is sometimes made late and can become a challenge. The diagnostic criteria proposed by the international Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (RegiSCAR) help to establish the diagnosis through a score system based on clinical and laboratory findings. The first step to identify the culprit is a thorough clinical history that includes all suspects, emphasizing those most known to cause DRESS syndrome according to the context and the literature. A skin biopsy may also be helpful in the diagnostic process. Patch testing is the test of choice to search for the culprit in cases of DRESS. Regarding prognosis, the estimated mortality due to DRESS is 3.8%. The main causes of mortality include fulminant hepatitis and liver necrosis. Several indicators of poor prognosis have been identified and these include an eosinophil count above 6000 × 103/µL, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, leukocytosis and coagulopathy. This article aims to review the evidence available regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical and laboratory findings, diagnosis, and treatment of DRESS.

Double Digest Restriction-Site Associated DNA Sequencing (ddRADseq) Technology.

Double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) technology combines genome reduced representation by digestion with two restriction enzymes and next generation sequencing (NGS) to obtain thousands of markers (SNP, SSR, and InDels) and genotype tens to hundreds of samples simultaneously. In this chapter, we describe a 96-plex derived ddRADseq protocol that can be set up to obtain different depth of coverage per locus and can be exploited to model and non-model plant species.

ddRADseq-mediated detection of genetic variants in sugarcane.

KEY MESSAGE: The article presents an optimization of the key parameters for the identification of SNPs in sugarcane using a GBS protocol based on two Illumina NextSeq and NovaSeq platforms. Sugarcane (Saccharum sp.), a world-wide known feedstock for sugar production, bioethanol, and energy, has an extremely complex genome, being highly polyploid and aneuploid. A double-digestion restriction site-associated DNA sequencing protocol (ddRADseq) was tested in four commercial sugarcane hybrids and one high-fibre biotype for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In this work we tested two Illumina sequencing platforms, read size (70 vs. 150 bp), different sequencing coverage per individual (medium and high coverage), and single-reads versus paired-end reads. We also explored different variant calling strategies (with and without reference genome) and filtering schemes [combining two minor allele frequencies (MAFs) with three depth of coverage thresholds]. For the discovery of a large number of novel SNPs in sugarcane, we recommend longer size and paired-end reads, medium sequencing coverage per individual and Illumina platform NovaSeq6000 for a cost-effective approach, and filter parameters of lower MAF and higher depth coverages thresholds. Although the de novo analysis retrieved more SNPs, the reference-based method allows downstream characterization of variants. For the two best performing matrices, the number of SNPs per chromosome correlated positively with chromosome length, demonstrating the presence of variants throughout the genome. Multivariate comparisons, with both matrices, showed closer relationships among commercial hybrids than with the high-fibre biotype. Functional analysis of the SNPs demonstrated that more than half of them landed within regulatory regions, whereas the other half affected coding, intergenic and intronic regions. Allelic distances values were lower than 0.07 when analysing two replicated genotypes, confirming the protocol robustness.

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Africanized Apis mellifera colonies with natural tolerance to Varroa destructor and contrasting defensive behavior.

Africanized Apis mellifera colonies with promising characteristics for beekeeping have been detected in northern Argentina (subtropical climate) and are considered of interest for breeding programs. Integral evaluation of this feral material revealed high colony strength and resistance/tolerance to brood diseases. However, these Africanized honeybees (AHB) also showed variable negative behavioral traits for beekeeping, such as defensiveness, tendency to swarm and avoidance behavior. We developed a protocol for the selection of AHB stocks based on defensive behavior and characterized contrasting colonies for this trait using NGS technologies. For this purpose, population and behavioral parameters were surveyed throughout a beekeeping season in nine daughter colonies obtained from a mother colony (A1 mitochondrial haplotype) with valuable characteristics (tolerance to the mite Varroa destructor, high colony strength and low defensiveness). A Defensive Behavior Index was developed and tested in the colonies under study. Mother and two daughter colonies displaying contrasting defensive behavior were analyzed by ddRADseq. High-quality DNA samples were obtained from 16 workers of each colony. Six pooled samples, including two replicates of each of the three colonies, were processed. A total of 12,971 SNPs were detected against the reference genome of A. mellifera, 142 of which showed significant differences between colonies. We detected SNPs in coding regions, lncRNA, miRNA, rRNA, tRNA, among others. From the original data set, we also identified 647 SNPs located in protein-coding regions, 128 of which are related to 21 genes previously associated with defensive behavior, such as dop3 and dopR2, CaMKII and ADAR, obp9 and obp10, and members of the 5-HT family. We discuss the obtained results by considering the influence of polyandry and paternal lineages on the defensive behavior in AHB and provide baseline information to use this innovative molecular approach, ddRADseq, to assist in the selection and evaluation of honey bee stocks showing low defensive behavior for commercial uses.

Nurturing Hope and Well-Being Among Survivors of Domestic Violence Within the Family Justice Center Model.

Family Justice Centers (FJCs) represent a multi-disciplinary coordinated approach co-located to serve survivors of domestic violence. This study examined the change in hope and well-being among 130 survivors receiving domestic violence services through seven FJCs. Using a pretest, posttest design, Analyses of Variance results indicated that survivors exhibited robust increases in hope, emotional well-being, and flourishing. Correlational analyses showed that survivor defined goal success has important relationships with hope and well-being. Finally, hierarchical regression analyses revealed hope contributed unique variance of survivor flourishing over-and-above survivor defined success and emotional well-being. These findings are discussed in the context that hope may be an important coping resource for survivors of domestic violence and offers a common conceptual framework for FJCs.

Development of novel SSR molecular markers using a Next-Generation Sequencing approach (ddRADseq) in Stetsonia coryne (Cactaceae).

The Cactaceae family is native to the American continent with several centers of diversity. In South America, one of these centers is the Central Andes and many species are considered to be threatened or vulnerable according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Stetsonia coryne is an emblematic giant columnar cacti of the Chaco phytogeographic province. It has an extensive geographical distribution in many countries of the continent. However, to date there are no specific molecular markers for this species, neither reports of population genetic variability studies, such as for many cactus species. The lack of information is fundamentally due to the lack of molecular markers that allow these studies. In this work, by applying a Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) technique, we developed polymorphic SSR markers for the Stetsonia coryne and evaluated their transferability to phylogenetically close species, in order to account for a robust panel of molecular markers for multispecies-studies within Cactaceae.

Single-step genomic prediction of Eucalyptus dunnii using different identity-by-descent and identity-by-state relationship matrices.

Genomic selection based on the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) approach is becoming an important tool in forest tree breeding. The quality of the variance components and the predictive ability of the estimated breeding values (GEBV) depends on how well marker-based genomic relationships describe the actual genetic relationships at unobserved causal loci. We investigated the performance of GEBV obtained when fitting models with genomic covariance matrices based on two identity-by-descent (IBD) and two identity-by-state (IBS) relationship measures. Multiple-trait multiple-site ssGBLUP models were fitted to diameter and stem straightness in five open-pollinated progeny trials of Eucalyptus dunnii, genotyped using the EUChip60K. We also fitted the conventional ABLUP model with a pedigree-based covariance matrix. Estimated relationships from the IBD estimators displayed consistently lower standard deviations than those from the IBS approaches. Although ssGBLUP based in IBS estimators resulted in higher trait-site heritabilities, the gain in accuracy of the relationships using IBD estimators has resulted in higher predictive ability and lower bias of GEBV, especially for low-heritability trait-site. ssGBLUP based on IBS and IBD approaches performed considerably better than the traditional ABLUP. In summary, our results advocate the use of the ssGBLUP approach jointly with the IBD relationship matrix in open-pollinated forest tree evaluation.

Fine-tuning the performance of ddRAD-seq in the peach genome.

The advance of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies allows high-throughput genotyping at a reasonable cost, although, in the case of peach, this technology has been scarcely developed. To date, only a standard Genotyping by Sequencing approach (GBS), based on a single restriction with ApeKI to reduce genome complexity, has been applied in peach. In this work, we assessed the performance of the double-digest RADseq approach (ddRADseq), by testing 6 double restrictions with the restriction profile generated with ApeKI. The enzyme pair PstI/MboI retained the highest number of loci in concordance with the in silico analysis. Under this condition, the analysis of a diverse germplasm collection (191 peach genotypes) yielded 200,759,000 paired-end (2 × 250 bp) reads that allowed the identification of 113,411 SNP, 13,661 InDel and 2133 SSR. We take advantage of a wide sample set to describe technical scope of the platform. The novel platform presented here represents a useful tool for genomic-based breeding for peach.

Relación entre el uso de redes sociales y las funciones ejecutivas / Relationship between the use of social networks and executive functions

Este artículo busca contextualizar las herramientas digitales y los smartphones en la interacción de los seres humanos, con el interés de describir la forma en que los jóvenes usan las redes sociales y los usos problemáticos de estas, para luego relacionar esto con las funciones ejecutivas del lóbulo prefrontal. Se centra la atención en el control inhibitorio, la memoria de trabajo y la flexibilidad mental porque son la base de otras funciones ejecutivas, como la planificación o monitorización; adicionalmente, estas tres funciones han sido reportadas como las más afectadas por el uso excesivo de redes sociales. Finalmente, se busca aproximarse al hecho de que los procesos cognitivos que requieren mayores periodos de concentración se pueden volver superficiales por la influencia del uso y sobreuso de las redes sociales.

This article seeks to contextualize digital tools and smartphones in the interaction of human beings, with the interest of describing how young people use social networks and the problematic uses of these, and then relate this to the executive functions of the prefrontal lobe. Attention is focused on inhibitory control, working memory and mental flexibility because they are the basis of other executive functions, such as planning or monitoring; additionally, these three functions have been reported as the most affected by the excessive use of social networks. Finally, we seek to approach the fact that cognitive processes that require longer periods of concentration can become superficial due to the influence of the use and overuse of social networks.

Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Linkage Disequilibrium Assessment among International Sunflower Breeding Collections.

Sunflower germplasm collections are valuable resources for broadening the genetic base of commercial hybrids and ameliorate the risk of climate events. Nowadays, the most studied worldwide sunflower pre-breeding collections belong to INTA (Argentina), INRA (France), and USDA-UBC (United States of America-Canada). In this work, we assess the amount and distribution of genetic diversity (GD) available within and between these collections to estimate the distribution pattern of global diversity. A mixed genotyping strategy was implemented, by combining proprietary genotyping-by-sequencing data with public whole-genome-sequencing data, to generate an integrative 11,834-common single nucleotide polymorphism matrix including the three breeding collections. In general, the GD estimates obtained were moderate. An analysis of molecular variance provided evidence of population structure between breeding collections. However, the optimal number of subpopulations, studied via discriminant analysis of principal components (K = 12), the bayesian STRUCTURE algorithm (K = 6) and distance-based methods (K = 9) remains unclear, since no single unifying characteristic is apparent for any of the inferred groups. Different overall patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) were observed across chromosomes, with Chr10, Chr17, Chr5, and Chr2 showing the highest LD. This work represents the largest and most comprehensive inter-breeding collection analysis of genomic diversity for cultivated sunflower conducted to date.

Severe disseminated acute toxoplasmosis in an adult immunocompetent patient from the Colombian Pacific

We present the case of a 72-year-old immunocompetent patient from Chocó, Colombia, with a 12-day course of fever, headache, progressive neurological deterioration, and rapid evolution to multiorgan failure and death. In the histopathological study of tissues obtained at necropsy, tissue cysts morphologically suggestive of being bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii were identified and confirmed by immunohistochemistry in heart, brain, and striated muscle.

Toxoplasmosis aguda diseminada fatal en una paciente adulta inmunocompetente proveniente del Pacífico colombiano / Severe disseminated acute toxoplasmosis in an adult immunocompetent patient from the Colombian Pacific

Se presenta el caso de una paciente inmunocompetente de 72 años de edad, proveniente del departamento del Chocó, con un cuadro clínico de 12 días de fiebre, cefalea, deterioro neurológico progresivo y rápida evolución a falla orgánica múltiple y muerte. En el estudio histopatológico de los tejidos obtenidos en la necropsia, se identificaron quistes tisulares morfológicamente sugestivos de ser bradizoítos de Toxoplasma gondii, lo que se confirmó mediante inmunohistoquímica en corazón, cerebro y músculo estriado.

We present the case of a 72-year-old immunocompetent patient from Chocó, Colombia, with a 12-day course of fever, headache, progressive neurological deterioration, and rapid evolution to multiorgan failure and death. In the histopathological study of tissues obtained at necropsy, tissue cysts morphologically suggestive of being bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii were identified and confirmed by immunohistochemistry in heart, brain, and striated muscle.

Quality assessment of atopic dermatitis clinical practice guidelines in ≤ 18 years.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects the patients' quality of life greatly often from a very young age. Its worldwide incidence in children and adults varies, but it is usually among the first ten causes of dermatological consultation worldwide. There is a wide variety of treatment options for this condition including topical and systemic regimes. The decision to choose a treatment option in dermatological diseases is greatly influenced by the personal experience of each specialist, which increases variability in the selection of available therapies. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) not only offer recommendations supported on the available scientific evidence, but also are intended to assist in making appropriate decisions in clinical scenarios. To standardize the way in which CPGs should be developed, an instrument called AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation) is used. In this study, ten clinical practice guidelines in ≤ 18 years were evaluated. Six domains (scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, clarity and presentation, applicability, and editorial independence) were assessed for each guideline, by three reviewers. Most of the domains obtained high scores except in the applicability domain. It is suggested that future atopic dermatitis CPGs should emphasize in the facilitating factors and barriers that may influence the application of guideline recommendations.

Historia clínica electrónica en Bogotá: percepciones desde la atención primaria / Electronic health record in Bogotá: Perceptions from primary care / Histórica clínica eletrônica em Bogotá: percepções a partir da atenção primária

Objetivo. Conocer las características de las historias clínicas electrónicas en Bogotá y verificar los aspectos que se pueden mejorar para que esta se enfoque en Atención Primaria Integral en Salud (APIS).Metodología. Se hizo investigación en dos fases: 1) hermenéutica, para conocer las perspectivas de autores que escribieron sobre historia clínica electrónica en Bogotá y Colombia; y 2) de campo, mediante la aplicación de entrevistas, grupos focales y entrevistas, para obtener las perspectivas de los usuarios de la historia clínica electrónica en Bogotá y de decisores sobre la misma. El análisis se hizo en ATLAS ti 7.5.Resultados. Se identificaron 7 artículos referidos a la historia clínica en Bo-gotá y a nivel nacional, que describen algunas características de la historia clínica electrónica y encontramos en Colombia 25 normas que se refieren al tema. Ninguno de estos artículos o normas consideró específicamente la APIS. En fase de campo, se analizaron cinco categorías deductivas (primer contacto, continuidad, integralidad, coordinación, inclusión de factores determinantes de salud) y 11 categorías inductivas (facilidad de uso, capa-citación, tiempo-facilidad de la consulta, interoperabilidad, trazabilidad y sistema de información, entre otras).Conclusiones. La literatura científica acerca de la historia clínica electró-nica en Bogotá y Colombia es escasa y no especifica temas de la APIS. Se encuentran múltiples modelos de historia clínica electrónica en Bogotá y los usuarios describen sus diversas utilidades que dependen del software utilizado. En general, los entrevistados consideran importante la inclusión de los factores determinantes de la salud y se requieren esfuerzos para llegar a un consenso sobre datos mínimos de la dicha historia que faciliten la interoperabilidad, así como para establecer criterios de facilidad de uso que faciliten el trabajo del prestador primario.

Objective. Getting acquainted with the characteristics of elec-tronic medical records in Bogotá and seeking for improvement of such aspects that could hinder its interrelatedness with Pri-mary Health Care.Methodology. Research was conducted in two stages. On the first stage, a hermeneutical approach was implemented so as to become acquainted with the authors of documents pertaining to electronic medical records in Bogotá as well as Colombia. On the second stage, field work was conducted. Focus group and interviews were used to secure the perspective of electro-nic medical records users and decision makers. Data analysis was implemented with ATLAS ti 7.5.Results. Seven articles referred to electronic medical records in Bogotá as well as other places nationwide were found. Twenty-five regulations pertaining to the electronic medical records were found. None of the above provided specific information on primary health care. During the field work stage of the pre-sent research five deductive categories were analyzed: first contact, continuity, integrality, coordination and health deter-minant factors inclusion. Deductive categories for this study are as follow: user friendliness, training, time of the consulta-tion, interoperability and traceability.Conclusions. Scientific literature about electronic medical re-cords in Bogotá and nationwide is scant and unspecific to pri-mary health care issues. Multiple models for electronic medical records are listed and their users describe their effectiveness on the software implemented. Generally speaking, the inter-viewees deem it important to include health determinant fac-tors. Consensus on minimum data required is needed to ease interoperability as well as coming up with criteria to improve friendliness for primary care workers.

Objetivo. Conheçer as características das histórias clínicas ele-trônicas nesta cidade e verificar para aspectos que consigan ser melhorados na busca da atenção primária da saúde.Metodología. Foi feita en días fases. A primera hermenéuti-ca, para conheçer as perspectivas documentais e a segunda, de campo, mediante entrevistas quis se conheçer o olhar dos usuários dos serviços de saúde, mesmo cómo aquele de quem organiza e pode decidir acima desses serviços.Resultados. Foram identificados 7 artigos se referindo ao caso de Bogotá e 25 normas envolvidas con este assunto no país. Nenhuno desses artigos considera a APIS. Da aproximação empírica foram analizadas 5 categorías deductivas: primeiro contato, continuidade, integralidade, coordenação, inclusão de factores dos determinantes sociais da saúde e 11 categorías indutivas: facilidades de uso, capacitação, tiempo de consulta, sistema de informação entre otras.Conclusões. A literatura científica que visa analizar as histórias clínicas eletrônicas en Bogotá e Colômbia é muito escasa e não trata o asunto da APIS, embora expliquem os vários modelos que existem. En general, os usuários consideram importante a inclussão de dados sobre os determinantes sociais na histórica clínica que facilitem a abordagem profissional dos casos.IntroducciónCon el advenimiento de la modernidad y la tecnifica-ción subsecuente, así como con la globalización de la información, surgió la posibilidad a nivel mundial de facilitar la implementación y el uso de los sistemas de información en salud, apoyándose en las tecnolo-gías de la información y la comunicación(1). Con los registros de salud electrónicos, como la historia clíni-ca electrónica, se pueden obtener datos estadísticos de la población que generan información útil para las políticas de salud pública. Existe el reto de que esta información sea acorde con la concepción de la APIS, que sea integral desde una concepción biopsicosocial y que integre a los factores determinantes de la salud.Colombia, como país creciente en población y en la exploración continua hacia la mejora de la calidad de vida de sus ciudadanos, no es ajeno a esta necesidad y busca la implementación de la APIS. En el país, se ha documentado la falta de sistemas de información adecuados, capaces de suministrar datos actualizados sobre el estado de salud de la población, lo cual con-tribuye a la segmentación del sistema de salud y a pro-blemas de calidad en la atención(2).La especialidad de Medicina Familiar busca promover la atención primaria en salud, como una forma de dar atención integral, eficaz, eficiente y segura. Desde este Keywords: electronic medical record, first contact, continuity, integrality, coordination, inclusion social health determinants.Palavras Chave: história clínica eletrônica, primeiro contato, continuidade, integralidade, coordenação, inclusão determinantes sociais.

Population structure and genetic diversity characterization of a sunflower association mapping population using SSR and SNP markers.

BACKGROUND: Argentina has a long tradition of sunflower breeding, and its germplasm is a valuable genetic resource worldwide. However, knowledge of the genetic constitution and variability levels of the Argentinean germplasm is still scarce, rendering the global map of cultivated sunflower diversity incomplete. In this study, 42 microsatellite loci and 384 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to characterize the first association mapping population used for quantitative trait loci mapping in sunflower, along with a selection of allied open-pollinated and composite populations from the germplasm bank of the National Institute of Agricultural Technology of Argentina. The ability of different kinds of markers to assess genetic diversity and population structure was also evaluated. RESULTS: The analysis of polymorphism in the set of sunflower accessions studied here showed that both the microsatellites and SNP markers were informative for germplasm characterization, although to different extents. In general, the estimates of genetic variability were moderate. The average genetic diversity, as quantified by the expected heterozygosity, was 0.52 for SSR loci and 0.29 for SNPs. Within SSR markers, those derived from non-coding regions were able to capture higher levels of diversity than EST-SSR. A significant correlation was found between SSR and SNP- based genetic distances among accessions. Bayesian and multivariate methods were used to infer population structure. Evidence for the existence of three different genetic groups was found consistently across data sets (i.e., SSR, SNP and SSR + SNP), with the maintainer/restorer status being the most prevalent characteristic associated with group delimitation. CONCLUSION: The present study constitutes the first report comparing the performance of SSR and SNP markers for population genetics analysis in cultivated sunflower. We show that the SSR and SNP panels examined here, either used separately or in conjunction, allowed consistent estimations of genetic diversity and population structure in sunflower breeding materials. The generated knowledge about the levels of diversity and population structure of sunflower germplasm is an important contribution to this crop breeding and conservation.

Asociación entre anticardiolipina y anti ß2 / Association between anticardiolipina and anti ß2 Glycoprotein I with preeclampsia before 35 weeks of pregnancy

Objetivo: Explorar la asociación entre las inmunoglobulinas G anticardiolipina (AC) y anti ß2 glicoproteina I (AßGPI) con preclampsia (PE) y sus complicaciones antes de las 35 semanas de gestación. Metodología: Estudio prosprectivo descriptivo de casos (55 preeclámpticas) y controles (55 gestantes no preeclámpticas) con menos de 35 semanas de gestación, de los hospitales Universitario San Vicente de Paúl y General de Medellín, entre 1º de septiembre de 1999 y 1º de septiembre 2000. Resultados: El análisis de las variables sobre las características generales de los casos y controles no reveló diferencias significativas. Un caso (1.8 por ciento) resultó positivo para Aß1GPI vs 5/54 controles (9.2 por ciento) (P=0.09 ns). Se presentaron 7/55 casos positivos para AC(12.7 por ciento) (interpretada según recomendación de la casa fabricante) vs 11/54 controles (20.3 por ciento) (P-0.47 ns). Cuando se interpretó el resultado de AC siguiendo la recomendación internacional (AC), se encontraron 24/55 casos positivos (43.6 por ciento) vs 30/54 controles (55.5 por ciento) (p-048 ns). En cuanto a las complicaciones, se presentaron 25 casos de RCIU (45.4 por ciento) sin asociación con Aß2GPI ni con AC interpretada por cualquiera de los dos métodos. Catorce casos (25.6 por ciento) tuvieron otras complicaciones atribuibles a la PE (HELLP, abrupcio, edema pulmonar, etc.) sin asociación con los anticuerps estudiados. Ninguno de los controles presentó preeclampsia y sólo uno de los positivos se complicó con tromboembolismo pulmonar pero se demostró estenosis mitral asociada. Conclusión: No hay asociación entre las preeclampsia que se inicia antes de las 35 semanas y sus complicaciones con Aß2GPI ni con AC